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Sourp Magar Monastery, Cyprus
Sourp Magar ((アルメニア語:Սուրբ Մակար) or Magaravank, Մակարավանք) is an Armenian monastery located in a forested valley in the Pentadaktylos range in Cyprus. It is ''de facto'' located in Northern Cyprus. The Magaravank stands at 530 metres and is about 3 km from the Halevga Forest Station. In addition to its historical interest as a centre of Armenian culture, Sourp Magar is noted for its picturesque location and distant views of the Mediterranean and the mountains in Anatolia. The monastery had close ties with the Armenian Catholicosate of Cicilia, located in Antelias, Lebanon.
==History==
Magaravank was founded in the early eleventh century and at that time seems to have belonged to the Coptic Orthodox Church. It was dedicated to Saint Macarius of Alexandria who died in 395 AD. Of the Coptic history of Sourp Magar nothing is known, but sometime before 1425 the monastery was transferred to the Armenians in Cyprus.〔Hadjilyra, ''Armenians of Cyprus'', p. 25〕 Armenians had long been resident in Cyprus, but their numbers increased substantially after fall of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia in 1375 when its last king Leo V escaped the Mamlukes. The crown of the Kingdom of Armenia subsequently passed to the Lusignan rulers of Cyprus.〔Hill, George (1948-52). ''A History of Cyprus'', 4. vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.〕 Armenians continued to migrate to Cyprus as Turkic peoples entered Anatolia and established powerful kingdoms there in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. The transfer of Sourp Magar to the Armenians was probably occasioned by these events and the increasing importance of the Armenian community in the Lusignan kingdom.
The Armenians retained control of Sourp Magar and its lands under Venetian and Ottoman rule. In the Ottoman Era, it was often called the Blue Monastery on account of the colour of the doors and windows. In 1642, at the time of Ibrahim I, the establishment was exempted from taxes. This exemption was renewed in 1660 and 1701.〔Hadjilyra, ''Armenians of Cyprus'', p. 13.〕 Restoration work is recorded to have been undertaken in 1735 and again in 1814, when the larger of the two chapels was reconstructed.〔Hadjilyra, ''Armenians of Cyprus'', pp. 13, 26. George Jeffery, ''A Description of the Historic Monuments of Cyprus'' (Nicosia, 1918, reprint. ed. London, 1983), p. 334 records that there was a tablet over the door with an Armenian inscription and the date.〕 Sourp Magar has, over its long history, served a wide range of social functions, from a school and rest-house for pilgrims to an orphanage and summer retreat for the Armenians of Nicosia. Some people lived on-site full-time, a report made in 1935 noting that 17 people resided there.〔Hadjilyra, ''Armenians of Cyprus'', p. 21.〕 Sourp Magar once housed a collection of manuscripts and other sacred items, but these were re-located to the Holy See of Cilicia in 1947.〔Hadjilyra, ''Armenians of Cyprus'', p. 26.〕 After the 1974 Turkish invasion, the Armenian community could no longer maintain custodians at Sourp Magar and the complex fell into ruins. Armenians nonetheless retain great attachment to their ancient establishment. Thanks to the efforts of Armenian MP Vartkes Mahdessian, three pilgrimages have been made there, the last of which took place on 9 May 2010.〔These developments reported primarily online, for example, "(Pilgrimage to Magaravank )." ''Gibrahayer''. 9 May 2010.〕
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